1. HP infection and challenges 

 Recently, with keywords such as "Helicobacter pylori" and "HP" frequently appearing on the hot search list, anti-helicobacter concepts have received wide attention in the capital market. However, the main interventions at present are still chemically synthesized drugs. 

 As bacteria become resistant to common antibiotics, the difficulty of treating bacterial infectious diseases has gradually increased, which has led to a significant reduction in the investment of the pharmaceutical industry in the research and development of new antibacterial drugs. Therefore, plants have gradually become an important resource for the development of new antibacterial drugs, which can provide bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity. In recent years, Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has attracted widespread attention. Due to the resistance of common antibiotics, traditional treatment methods are facing challenges, and the pharmaceutical industry's interest in the research and development of new drugs has decreased, which has promoted the research on the discovery of new antibacterial drugs from plants. 

 2. The antibacterial effect of Glucoraphanin

 In recent years, Glucoraphanin has gradually become a research hotspot because of its unique chemical defense function and significant antibacterial effect. 

 Radish thioxin, a stable precedor widely found in broccoli seeds, is called Glucoraphanin. It has significant antibacterial effects and can effectively inhibit multiple groups of bacteria, including Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginos aeruginosa, as well as Gram-positive bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus or rotobacterium. In addition, radiothion shows resistance to Helicobacter pylori (HP) both in vivo and in vitro. 

Further research shows that radish thionin can reduce HP colonization in wild Nrf2 mice, but it does not have this effect on Nrf2-/- mice. This discovery reveals that radish thion enhances the body's resistance to oxidative stress and inflammation by targeting the transcription factor Nrf2, thus reducing the implantation rate of HP. Moreover, in the development of gastric cancer, HP and sodium chloride will synergize to promote the development of cancer by exacerbating chronic gastric mucosal inflammation. However, radish thiodin can induce gastric mucosal cells to enhance the activity of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes, while inhibiting inflammatory mediators and inflammatory factors, thus reducing gastritis symptoms caused by HP infection and protecting the gastric mucosa. Under the current situation that HP infection rate is generally high and the drug resistance of quadruple therapy is enhanced, radish thiocin, as a natural source of nutrient, has its safe, non-toxicity and significant antibacterial effect, which shows great application potential in combating HP infection. 

 Haristoy X, Angioi-Duprez K, Duprez A., & Lozniewski A. Antipyrionic Helicobacter pylori effect of thioglucoside in heterogeneous transplantation models of human gastric cancer. Antibacterial agents and chemotherapy drugs, 2003, 47 (12):3982-3984. 

 Aires A, Mota VR, Saavedra MJ, etc. The antibacterial effect of glucose thioside and its enzymatic hydrolysis products on human intestinal bacteria.